Friday, April 11, 2014

Your Plastic Brain 8—The Dark Side 3


Brainwashing and Cults


“I believe, Curmudge, that we are subjected to a degree of brainwashing everywhere and all the time.  There was even an ad in the 3/03/14 Wall Street Journal for a workshop: ‘Learn How to Rewire People’s Purchase Behavior for Your Brand’s Advantage.’ “

“That’s subliminal marketing stuff, Julie.  We’re going to stick with serious attempts to impact people’s lives.  Here’s a useful definition: ‘Mind control (brainwashing) refers to a process in which a group or individual systematically uses unethically manipulative methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the manipulator(s), often to the detriment of the person being manipulated,’ I first heard the term ‘brainwashing’ at the time of the Korean War. It was used by the Chinese on American prisoners of war for interrogation and indoctrination.  Former POWs were studied by Lifton who identified these steps used in brainwashing: assault on identity, guilt, self-betrayal, breaking point, leniency, compulsion to confess, channeling of guilt, releasing of guilt, progress and harmony, final confession and rebirth.”

“Hey, Professor, I found another list.  This one is by Biderman, and it includes: isolation, monopolization of perception, induced debility & exhaustion, threats, occasional indulgences, demonstrating omnipotence, enforcing trivial demands, and degradation.  You would suggest that one read the literature to get the details, but it doesn’t take much imagination to figure them out.  They all sound pretty bad.  I understand that some U.S. servicemen receive training on resisting these techniques; I’ll bet that’s no picnic.”

“It seems to me that tactics used to recruit people to join a cult have some elements in common with the brainwashing of POWs.  These are six sociological characteristics of cults: (1) authoritarian leadership, (2) exclusivism, (3) isolationism, (4) opposition to independent thinking, (5) fear of being ‘disfellowshipped,’ (6) threats of satanic attack.  Another list of characteristics, including brainwashing of new inductees, provides more details.”

“I feel almost as bad for people who become entangled in a cult as I feel for a POW.  In both cases it’s difficult—if not impossible—to leave.”

“And in both cases, Julie, the end result might be death.  With cults, the most tragic examples were Jonestown in Guyana (1978) and the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas (1993).”

Okay, Old Man, what’s next on our list of ways by which people‘s minds can be influenced?”

“It has been—and might still be—controversial, Julie.  It’s called repressed or recovered memory.  Here’s the problem: Some psychotherapists have felt that long-forgotten memories of long-ago events are recovered accurately.  A common example is a woman (usually) who ‘remembers,’ in the course of therapy, that she was abused as a child.  However, experimental neuroscientists have learned that these ‘recovered’ memories are not always true.  In fact, these memories can be constructions of expectations and suggestions in poorly managed therapy.  One can readily envision the consequences to a family when recovered memories lead to accusations and even legal action.”

“As you suggested, Old Guy, I have been reading the literature.   Elizabeth Loftus’s TED talk and a separate article describe how she has proven that people can experience false memories.  Books by Loftus (1) and Pendergrast (2) provide excellent discussions of the recovered memory debate.  Recent research with mice has shown that memories can be implanted and removed from mouse brains.”

“And all along, Julie, I thought that memory removal occurred automatically when one got old.”

“It’s my perception, Herr Lehrer, that you know a bit more about this topic than you have shared.  For example, I think I understand why you included false memory in this posting.  It’s because if a therapist’s patient panel consisted mostly of women who believe they have recovered memories, it might resemble a cult. If that were the case, what would you suggest if the therapist advised her patients to take legal action against their parents based solely on their so-called recovered memories?”

“The therapist would certainly risk a malpractice suit.  And as a penalty, I would propose loss of license, stoning, and putting her head in the stocks.”

“Sounds a bit draconian, Chief, but appropriate.”

Kaizen Curmudgeon

(1)  Loftus, Elizabeth and Ketcham, Katherine The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse (1996).  (Available from Amazon).
(2)  Pendergrast, Mark. Victims of Memory: Incest Accusations and Shattered Lives (Upper Access, 1995).  (Available from Amazon).

Link to posting from blog archives: Lean Lessons from Long Ago  2/25/10 http://kaizencurmudgeon.blogspot.com/2010/02/lean-lessons-from-long-ago.html

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